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Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania. It is the ninth largest lake in the world and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. It is home to more species of fish than any other lake,〔 including about 1000 species of cichlids.〔WWF (10 June 2011). ''(Mozambique’s Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site. )'' Retrieved 17 July 2014.〕 The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011,〔 and in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in the Lake Malawi National Park. Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake; permanent stratification and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.〔Pilskaln, C. H. (2004). Seasonal and Interannual Particle Export in an African Rift Valley Lake: A 5-Yr Record from Lake Malawi, Southern East Africa. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(4), 964–977. doi:10.2307/3597647〕
==Geography==
Lake Malawi is between 〔 and long,〔 and about wide at its widest point. The total surface area of the lake is about .〔 The lake has shorelines on western Mozambique, eastern Malawi, and southern Tanzania. The largest river flowing into it is the Ruhuhu River, and there is an outlet at its southern end, the Shire River, a tributary that flows into the very large Zambezi River in Mozambique.
The lake lies in a valley formed by the opening of the East African Rift, where the African tectonic plate is being split into two pieces. This is called a divergent plate tectonics boundary. It is variously estimated at about 40,000 years old〔 or about one to two million years. The lake is about southeast of Lake Tanganyika, another of the great lakes of the East African Rift.
The Lake Malawi National Park is located at the southern end of the lake.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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